ANNEX A
Characteristics of new cases of HIV
infection reported in first 6 months of 2007
Out of the164
Singaporeans detected to be HIV infected in the first six months,
about 93% of the new cases detected this year were males and 7% were
females.
Sexual transmission remains the main mode of HIV
transmission among Singaporeans. Of the 164 cases reported in the
first 6 months of 2007, 155 cases acquired the infection through the
sexual route, with heterosexual transmission accounting for 67% of
infections, homosexual transmission 24% and bisexual transmission
3%. Intravenous drug use (4 cases) accounted for 2%.
More than three-quarter (78%) of all new cases
reported in the first 6 months of 2007 were aged between 30 to 59
years of age. Approximately 52% were single, while 32% were
married, and 13% were divorced or separated.
In the first 6 months of 2007, more than half (55%)
of the new cases already had late-stage HIV infection[1] when they
were diagnosed. This was similar to the pattern in the previous
year.
Most of the new cases in the first 6 months of 2007
(76%) had their HIV detected when they had HIV testing in the course
of some form of medical care. A much smaller proportion were
detected as a result of voluntary HIV screening (12%). The rest were
detected through contact tracing and other screening. When
differentiated by sexual orientation, a higher proportion of
homosexuals had their HIV infection detected via voluntary screening
compared to heterosexuals (31% vs 5%).
Characteristics of all HIV infected
Singaporeans (as at end June 2007)
The
total number of HIV infected Singaporeans as at end-June 2007 is
3,224 (Table 1). Of these, 1,380 are asymptomatic carriers, 752
have AIDS-related illnesses and 1,092 have died.
Heterosexual transmission has been the most common
mode of HIV transmission among Singaporeans since 1991 (Table 2).
Most of these cases contracted the infection through casual sex and
sex with prostitutes in Singapore and overseas.
The majority of HIV infected Singaporeans are male
with 2,870 cases; 354 are female (Table 3), giving a sex ratio of
eight males to one female. Among the males, 60% were single at the
point of diagnosis. For the females, however, the majority (60%)
were married.
About 83% of HIV cases are Chinese, 10% are Malays
and 4% are Indian (Table 4). The majority of cases (59%) were
diagnosed when they were between 30 and 49 years of age (Table 5).
Nearly a fifth (17%) of cases were diagnosed when they were between
20 and 29 years of age.
TABLE 1
NUMBER OF SINGAPORE RESIDENTS REPORTED WITH HIV /AIDS
(1985 – JUN 2007)
|
Year |
HIV/AIDS |
|
Male |
Female |
Total |
Rate* |
|
1985 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
0.8 |
|
1986 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
2.8 |
|
1987 |
10 |
0 |
10 |
3.9 |
|
1988 |
15 |
0 |
15 |
5.8 |
|
1989 |
9 |
1 |
10 |
3.8 |
|
1990 |
17 |
0 |
17 |
6.2 |
|
1991 |
39 |
3 |
42 |
15.0 |
|
1992 |
49 |
6 |
55 |
19.3 |
|
1993 |
58 |
6 |
64 |
22.0 |
|
1994 |
76 |
10 |
86 |
29.0 |
|
1995 |
102 |
9 |
111 |
36.8 |
|
1996 |
123 |
16 |
139 |
45.3 |
|
1997 |
157 |
16 |
173 |
55.4 |
|
1998 |
167 |
32 |
199 |
62.7 |
|
1999 |
171 |
35 |
206 |
63.9 |
|
2000 |
193 |
33 |
226 |
69.3 |
|
2001 |
204
|
33
|
237 |
71.4 |
|
2002
|
206
|
28
|
234
|
69.3
|
|
2003
|
212
|
30
|
242
|
70.4
|
|
2004
|
290
|
21
|
311
|
89.2
|
|
2005
|
287
|
30
|
317
|
89.2
|
|
2006
|
325
|
32
|
357
|
98.9
|
|
Jun 2007 |
152 |
12 |
164 |
- |
|
Total |
2,870 |
354 |
3,224 |
- |
* per
million population
TABLE 2
DISTRIBUTION OF HIV/AIDS - INFECTED SINGAPORE RESIDENTS
BY MODES OF TRANSMISSION
(1985 – JUN 2007)
|
Mode of Transmission |
1985–
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007
Jan-Jun |
|
Sexual Orientation
Heterosexual
Homosexual
Bisexual
Intravenous drug
use
Blood Transfusion
Renal Transplant
overseas
Perinatal (mother
to child)
Uncertain |
979
169
130
26
3
5
13
37 |
181
22
16
6
0
0
2
10 |
181
30
12
6
0
0
2
3 |
177
40
14
4
0
0
1
6 |
188
72
22
7
0
0
4
18 |
185
87
14
4
0
0
3
24 |
222
94
14
14
0
0
2
11 |
110
40
5
4
0
0
0
5 |
|
Total |
1362 |
237 |
234 |
242 |
311 |
317 |
357 |
164 |
TABLE 3
HIV/AIDS -
INFECTED SINGAPORE RESIDENTS
BY MARITAL STATUS AND SEX
(1985 – JUN 2007)
|
Martial status |
1985–
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007
Jan-Jun |
|
Male
Single
Married
Divorced/Separated
Widowed |
758
316
93
27 |
110
60
26
8 |
106
71
25
4 |
112
65
28
7 |
180
74
25
11 |
176
82
27
2 |
198
92
30
5 |
82
47
18
5 |
|
Female
Single
Married
Divorced/Separated
Widowed |
36
111
13
8 |
4
17
6
6 |
6
15
3
4 |
3
21
5
1 |
7
8
2
4 |
7
19
3
1 |
8
17
6
1 |
4
5
3
0 |
|
Total
Single
Married
Divorced/Separated
Widowed |
794
427
106
35 |
114
77
32
14 |
112
86
28
8 |
115
86
33
8 |
187
82
27
15 |
183
101
30
3 |
206
109
36
6 |
86
52
21
5 |
TABLE 4
HIV/AIDS -
INFECTED SINGAPORE RESIDENTS BY ETHNIC GROUP
(1985 – JUN 2007)
|
Ethnic Group |
1985–
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 Jan-Jun |
|
Chinese
Malay
Indian
Others |
1138
96
74
54 |
202
18
10
7 |
201
23
5
5 |
201
27
6
8 |
261
29
16
5 |
252
48
12
5 |
291
46
12
8 |
133
21
5
5 |
TABLE 5
HIV/AIDS - INFECTED SINGAPORE RESIDENTS BY AGE AND SEX
(1985 – JUN 2007)
|
Age group |
1985–
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 Jan-Jun |
|
Male
0 –
9
10 –
19
20 –
29
30 –
39
40 –
49
50 –
59
60 & above |
6
9
233
496
273
95
82 |
2
0
17
61
61
34
29 |
1
0
22
53
67
39
24 |
1
1
22
71
66
29
22 |
1
4
41
82
84
44
34 |
0
4
36
85
83
49
30 |
2
1
50
91
90
60
31 |
0
0
18
38
44
37
15 |
|
Female
0 –
9
10 –
19
20 –
29
30 –
39
40 –
49
50 –
59
60 &
above |
7
2
71
47
21
13
7 |
0
1
10
6
7
4
5 |
1
1
10
3
6
6
1 |
0
0
7
12
8
3
0 |
2
0
6
7
5
0
1 |
3
0
8
10
1
7
1 |
1
1
7
8
7
6
2 |
0
2
1
3
3
3
0 |
|
Total
0 –
9
10 –19
20 –29
30 –39
40 –49
50 –59
60 &
above |
13
11
304
543
294
108
89 |
2
1
27
67
68
38
34 |
2
1
32
56
73
45
25 |
1
1
29
83
74
32
22 |
3
4
47
89
89
44
35 |
3
4
44
95
84
56
31 |
3
2
57
99
97
66
33 |
0
2
19
41
47
40
15 |
Source:
www.moh.gov.sg Press Release
30 Nov 2007
HIV cases on the rise in 2007
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